1. Learning must be built on prior knowledge.

New knowledge is being built based on prior knowledge. Faculty should understand what students already know before teaching them a new topic. Any previous misconception or incomplete knowledge about a topic can be discussed and corrected.

2. Expert and novice learners differ primarily in how they organize knowledge.

One of the main teaching tasks of faculty is helping a learner to construct knowledge. A popular tool for this is Concept Mapping. It helps learners understand different concepts and build on a relevant structure.

3. Students’ motivation plays a significant role in learning.

Teachers should create a scheme to generate interest among students. Identifying the objectives of each topic, stating real-world examples, and creating related interactive activities can bring about enthusiasm for a topic.

4. Mastery is complex and takes both time and practice.

As complex tasks are hard to master, teachers are expected to break down difficult tasks into smaller and simpler forms for students. Identifying essential skills, concepts and competencies are vital.

5. Opportunities for practice and providing prompt feedback.

Setting up clear learning outcomes and giving students time for revision is as important as providing prompt feedback.

6. A learning environment that supports learners socially, emotionally, and intellectually.

Building a learning community that provides comfort, stability, and support helps students become integral participants in a classroom.

7. Become autonomous learners who can reflect upon and assess their own performance.

Self-learning is an essential skill that most students do not possess. Teachers should design activities that focus on learning and measure the efficacy of learning.